| We describe a method for quantifying VOCs in human blood based on headspace solid phase microextraction, cryofocusing, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The incorporation of these techniques enables us to quantify VOCs in the low parts-per-trillion (i.e., pg/ml) range from a 3-ml blood sample. The method accurately and precisely quantifies 50 VOC analytes. We describe procedures for reducing bias by removing contamination from sample collection materials and by reducing analyte loss during sample handling. After fully validating this method we measured VOCs in blood samples collected from 4584 U.S. residents and relate tobacco smoking to blood VOC levels. |
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